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Test Scenarios vs. Test Cases: Understanding the Basics

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What Are Test Scenarios Test scenarios represent high-level ideas or conditions that need to be validated to ensure the application works as expected. They provide a broader perspective and are typically used during the test planning phase. Purpose: To capture the "what to test" without going into granular details. Example of a Test Scenario: Verify that a user can successfully log in to the application using valid credentials. Verify the behavior of the login page when invalid credentials are entered. Verify the application behavior when the login button is clicked without entering any credentials. What Are Test Cases Test cases are detailed documents that define the specific steps to execute a test. They cover inputs, execution steps, expected results, and actual outcomes. Purpose: To guide the tester step-by-step on "how to test." Example of a Test Case (for the first scenario): Test Case ID TC_01_Login_Valid_Credentials Test Scenario Verify user login with val...
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Handling HTTPS Websites and SSL Certificate Errors in Selenium

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Why SSL Certificate Errors Occur 
SSL certificates ensure secure communication between the server and browser. If there's an issue, like an untrusted or expired certificate, the browser shows a warning. In automation, these warnings can interrupt tests, causing them to fail unless managed properly.In this post, we'll explain how to handle SSL certificate errors in Selenium for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge to ensure your tests run smoothly.

setAcceptInsecureCerts(true) option allows the browser to ignore SSL certificate errors, enabling Selenium tests to run smoothly on sites with untrusted or invalid certificates.

Handling SSL Certificate Errors in Chrome
You can configure Chrome to accept insecure certificates by passing the option in ChromeOptions.

ChromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true) allows Chrome to skip SSL warnings and continue testing on sites with untrusted certificates.its similar to the Firefox and Edge Browser also.
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class HandleSSLCertificateChrome {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set up ChromeDriver path
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");

        // Set Chrome options to ignore certificate errors
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true); // This will ignore the SSL certificate errors

        // Initialize WebDriver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

        // Navigate to HTTPS site
        driver.get("https://Enter Your URL.com/");

        System.out.println("Page Title: " + driver.getTitle());

        // Close the browser
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Handling SSL Certificate Errors in Firefox
With Firefox, you can achieve the same by configuring FirefoxOptions
FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
//Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
// Navigate to HTTPS site
driver.get("https://Enter Your URL.com")

Handling SSL Certificate Errors in Edge
Edge also has options similar to Chrome to bypass SSL certificate errors

// Set Edge options to ignore certificate errors
EdgeOptions options = new EdgeOptions();
options.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true);
// Initialize WebDriver 
WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver(options);
// Navigate to HTTPS site
driver.get("https://"Enter Your URL.com");
Conclusion 
Handling SSL certificate errors on HTTPS websites can be tricky but is essential for smooth Selenium automation. By using setAcceptInsecureCerts(true) in Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, you can skip these warnings and maintain test flow.

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