Behavior Driven Development (BDD): aims to create a shared understanding between developers, testers, and business stakeholders by describing how the application should behave from the user’s perspective.
Gherkin Syntax: is a simple, structured language used by Cucumber to describe behaviors in a human-readable format. It uses keywords like Feature, Scenario, Given, When, Then, And, and But to write test cases.
Writing Feature Files with Gherkin:
A Feature File contains multiple test scenarios in Gherkin syntax. Each scenario explains one use case of the application.
✓Feature: Defines the functionality under test.
✓Scenario: Represents individual test cases.
✓Given: Sets up the preconditions or initial context for the test.
✓When: Describes the action or event that triggers the behavior.
✓Then: Specifies the expected result or outcome of the action.
✓And/But: Extend steps for clarity
Example:
Feature: User Authentication
Scenario: Login with valid credentials
Given The user navigates to the login page
When The user submits correct login details
Then The user should see the dashboard
Framework Structure for BDD
BDD Framework Structure is designed to separate test definitions, implementation, and configurations, ensuring clarity and maintainability.
Folder Structure
Project/
│
├─── src/
│ ├─── test/
│ │ ├─── java/
│ │ │ ├─── StepDefinitions/
│ │ │ │ ├─── StepDefinitions.java
│ │ │ │ └─── ...
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─── runners/
│ │ │ ├─── TestRunner.java
│ │ │ └─── ...
│ │ │
│ │ └─── resources/
│ │ ├─── features/
│ │ │ ├─── Feature1.feature
│ │ │ ├─── Feature2.feature
│ │ │ └─── ...
│ │ │
│ │ └─── config/
│ │ └─── configuration.properties
│ │
│ └─── ...
│
└─── target/
└─── ...
Folder and File Descriptions
1.src: Main source directory containing all code and resources.
2.test: Contains test-related code and resources.
3.java: Directory for Java code.
- StepDefinitions: Houses Java methods mapped to Gherkin steps.
- runners: Includes test runner classes for executing tests.
4.resources: Non-code resources.
- features: Stores feature files written in Gherkin syntax.
- config: Contains configuration files like configuration.properties.
5.target: Holds compiled code, test results, and generated files during build or test execution.
Key Components of a BDD Framework
1.Feature Files:
- Written in Gherkin syntax to define test scenarios.
- Located in the features directory.
Example:
Feature: User registration
Scenario: Register with valid details
Given The user is on the registration page
When The user provides valid details
Then The user should be registered successfully
2.Step Definitions:
Implemented in Java and stored in the StepDefinitions directory.
Example:
@Given("^The user is on the registration page$")
public void userIsOnRegistrationPage() {
driver.get("https://example.com/register");
}
3.Test Runners:
- Executes feature files.
- Configured with @CucumberOptions to specify feature locations, step definitions, and reporting
Defining Configuration for Running Cucumber Tests for more details Refer the below post link
https://softwaretestingbugblab.blogspot.com/2024/09/how-to-configure-cucumberoptions.html?m=1
Benefits of Using BDD:
- Encourages collaboration between stakeholders.
- Improves test case readability with Gherkin syntax.
- Reduces misunderstandings through clear behavior descriptions.
- Supports automation integration seamlessly.
By structuring your project effectively and leveraging the power of BDD with Gherkin syntax, you can create a robust testing framework that aligns technical implementation with business requirements
Conclusion:
BDD simplifies collaboration between developers, testers, and business stakeholders by focusing on user behavior. With Gherkin syntax, tests become easier to write and understand, aligning technical efforts with business needs.
A well-structured BDD framework, with organized folders for feature files, step definitions, and test runners, ensures clarity and efficiency. Configurations like @CucumberOptions make running and managing tests straightforward and customizable.
By adopting BDD, teams can improve communication, enhance test coverage, and deliver user-friendly software faster and more effectively.
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