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Test Scenarios vs. Test Cases: Understanding the Basics

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What Are Test Scenarios
Test scenarios represent high-level ideas or conditions that need to be validated to ensure the application works as expected. They provide a broader perspective and are typically used during the test planning phase.

Purpose: To capture the "what to test" without going into granular details.

Example of a Test Scenario:
  • Verify that a user can successfully log in to the application using valid credentials.
  • Verify the behavior of the login page when invalid credentials are entered.
  • Verify the application behavior when the login button is clicked without entering any credentials.
What Are Test Cases
Test cases are detailed documents that define the specific steps to execute a test. They cover inputs, execution steps, expected results, and actual outcomes.

Purpose: To guide the tester step-by-step on "how to test."

Example of a Test Case (for the first scenario):

Test Case ID TC_01_Login_Valid_Credentials

Test Scenario Verify user login with valid credentials.

Precondition
The user must have a valid username and password.

Test Steps
1. Open the login page.
2. Enter the valid username in the "Username" field.
3. Enter the valid password in the "Password" field.
4. Click the "Login" button.

Expected Result
The user should be redirected to the dashboard.

Actual Result (To be filled after execution)

Status Pass/Fail

When to Use Test Scenarios vs. Test Cases

Test Scenarios: Best for agile environments or when you need to cover broader test areas quickly.

Test Cases: Ideal for complex systems requiring thorough documentation, regression testing, or compliance audits.

By understanding the distinction between test scenarios and test cases, testers can ensure their approach aligns with project needs while maintaining efficiency and thoroughness.

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