Introduction
In software testing, managing configuration settings is vital for reliable and maintainable automation scripts. Properties files offer a simple way to store key-value pairs of configuration data separately from the code, enhancing flexibility and ease of management in test automation.
Using properties files in test automation offers several benefits:
Decoupling Configuration from Code: Properties files allow easy updates to configuration data without changing the test code, minimizing errors.
Ease of Maintenance: Testers can quickly modify the properties file for updates, saving time compared to changing multiple scripts.
Enhanced Reusability: A single properties file can be reused across different test scripts, promoting cleaner code and easier testing.
In this tutorial, we will cover the following topics:
-
How to create a properties file and add key-value pairs for configuration settings.
-
How to read data from the properties file using Java’s built-in Properties class.
-
Integrating the properties file into Selenium scripts for dynamic configuration management.
1: Set Up Project Structure Use Eclipse/IntelliJ.
Locate src/main/resources or src/test/resources.
Step 2: Create the Properties File
Right-click on the folder(Locate src/main/resources or src/test/resources), select New > File, and name it global.properties.
Step 3: Add Key-Value Pairs
You can store the data as key-value pairs by double-clicking the .properties file and entering the key-value data. For example, if you want to store the Blogger URL, include it in the properties file.
2. How to read data from the Properties file:
To read data from the Properties file, we need to use the built-in Properties class that is available in Java.util.package.
So need to create the object of the properties class
Properties obj = new Properties();
we also need to create an object of the FileInputStream class with its path pointing to the .properties file
FileInputStream objfile = new FileInputStream(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\<name of the properties file>");
Example Code:
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class DataReader {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
//path of the your .properties file name
FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream("global.properties");
properties.load(input);
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
String browserType = properties.getProperty("browser");
String userName = properties.getProperty("username");
String Password = properties.getProperty("password");
System.out.println("URL: " + url);
System.out.println("browser: " + browserType);
System.out.println("username: " + userName);
System.out.println("password: " + Password);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- FileInputStream class reads the content of the file as a stream of bytes.
- The properties class is used to get property value based on the property key.
- pro. load(fis) will read data from the properties file.
3. Using the Properties file in Selenium Script:
Step 1: Import Selenium WebDriver Classes
Example imports for Chrome and Firefox drivers.
Step 2: Set Up WebDriver Based on Properties
Conditional logic to set up the browser.
Step 3: Launch Browser and Perform Actions
Navigate to the URL.
Locate elements using WebDriver and perform actions.
Close the driver.
Example Code
package utils;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = null;
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
//path_to_your_properties_file/golbal.properties
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("golbal.properties");
//Load the properties file
properties.load(file);
//Read the values from the properties file
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
String browser = properties.getProperty("browser");
boolean headless = Boolean.parseBoolean(properties.getProperty("headless"));
String username = properties.getProperty("username");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
//Set up the browser based on the properties
if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("chrome")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path_to_chromedriver");
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
if (headless) {
options.addArguments("--headless");
}
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
} else if (browser.equalsIgnoreCase("firefox")) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "path_to_geckodriver");
FirefoxOptions options = new FirefoxOptions();
if (headless) {
options.addArguments("--headless");
}
driver = new FirefoxDriver(options);
}
//Use the URL from the properties file
driver.get(url);
System.out.println("Opened URL: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
WebElement emailField = driver.findElement(By.id("identifierId"));
emailField.sendKeys(username);
WebElement nextButton = driver.findElement(By.id("identifierNext"));
nextButton.click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.name("password"));
passwordField.sendKeys(password);
WebElement passwordNextButton = driver.findElement(By.id("passwordNext"));
passwordNextButton.click();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
}
Conclusion
Recap the benefits of using properties files for configuration management in Selenium.
Encourage readers to implement properties files in their automation projects for better maintainability and flexibility.
Comments
Post a Comment