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Test Scenarios vs. Test Cases: Understanding the Basics

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What Are Test Scenarios Test scenarios represent high-level ideas or conditions that need to be validated to ensure the application works as expected. They provide a broader perspective and are typically used during the test planning phase. Purpose: To capture the "what to test" without going into granular details. Example of a Test Scenario: Verify that a user can successfully log in to the application using valid credentials. Verify the behavior of the login page when invalid credentials are entered. Verify the application behavior when the login button is clicked without entering any credentials. What Are Test Cases Test cases are detailed documents that define the specific steps to execute a test. They cover inputs, execution steps, expected results, and actual outcomes. Purpose: To guide the tester step-by-step on "how to test." Example of a Test Case (for the first scenario): Test Case ID TC_01_Login_Valid_Credentials Test Scenario Verify user login with val...
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Locating By Xpath

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What is Xpath[ Xpath stands for XML Path Language]:
XPath is used to locate elements on a webpage by navigating its HTML structure. In Selenium automation, when elements cannot be located using standard locators such as ID, and ClassName, XPath is used as an alternative method to identify elements on the webpage.

Syntax
//tagname[@attribute='value']

Example: //div[@id='header_block']
  • //: Refers to the current node.
  • Tagname: Specifies the tag name of the target node.
  • @ Indicates an attribute selection.
  • Attribute: Denotes the name of the attribute for the node.
  • Value: Represents the value of the specified attribute.

Types Of Xpath:

1. Absolute XPath: shows the full path to an element starting from the very top of the webpage. It begins with a single slash ("/"), However, it's not very flexible because any small change in the page's structure can break the path.

Example: /html/body/div[5]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/form/div/div/input

2. Relative XPath: starts from any point in the webpage, not the very top. It uses double slashes ("//") and is more reliable, so it doesn’t break with small changes on the page.

Example://form[@id='login_form']//input[@type='text']

Creating Basic XPath Expressions in Selenium WebDriver
XPath expressions select nodes or a list of nodes based on attributes such as ID, Name, and Class Name.


Below are Some more basic XPath expressions:
//div[@id='email_container']
//input[@type='text']
//input[@name='email']
//link[@href='https://softwaretestingbugblab.blogspot.com']
//*[@class='login_form_container']


 text() – Find elements based on their text.

in this example, we tried to identify the element by using the text value of the attribute
//button[text()='login']

contains() – Finds elements that partially match a value.

In this example, we tried to identify the element by using the text/id value of the attribute

 //input[contains(@id, 'login')]` or //input[contains(text(), 'login')]

starts-with() – Finds elements where a value starts with specific text.
Example: `//input[starts-with(@id, 'login')]`


last() – Select the last element in a group.
Example: `(//div)[last()]`

position() – Select an element based on its position or index.
Example: `//div[@id='loginform']//input[1]

not() – Excludes elements that match a certain condition.
Example:   //input[not(@disabled)] 
                   //input[not(@Enabled)]

How to use AND & OR operators in selenium Xpath:
Use AND to select an element that meets both conditions.

Syntax: //tagname[@Attribute1='Value1' and @Attribute2='Value2']

Example: Select an element with both attributes:
//button[@name='login' and @type='submit']

Use OR to select an element that meets either condition.

Syntax: //tagname[@Attribute1='Value1' or @Attribute2='Value2']

Example: Select an element with either "element 1" or "element  2":
//button[@name='login' or @id='login_link']





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