Latest post from this blog

Test Scenarios vs. Test Cases: Understanding the Basics

By
What Are Test Scenarios Test scenarios represent high-level ideas or conditions that need to be validated to ensure the application works as expected. They provide a broader perspective and are typically used during the test planning phase. Purpose: To capture the "what to test" without going into granular details. Example of a Test Scenario: Verify that a user can successfully log in to the application using valid credentials. Verify the behavior of the login page when invalid credentials are entered. Verify the application behavior when the login button is clicked without entering any credentials. What Are Test Cases Test cases are detailed documents that define the specific steps to execute a test. They cover inputs, execution steps, expected results, and actual outcomes. Purpose: To guide the tester step-by-step on "how to test." Example of a Test Case (for the first scenario): Test Case ID TC_01_Login_Valid_Credentials Test Scenario Verify user login with val...
Post a Comment

Understanding the Scenario Outline in Gherkin Language

By
Introduction 
In Gherkin language, scenario outline is the keyword which is used to run the same scenario multiple times.

It is also defined as "Scenario outlines are used when the same test is performed multiple times with a different combination of values."

The keyword scenario outline can also be used by the name Scenario Template. In other words, the keyword Scenario Template is a synonym of scenario outline.

Scenario outline is exactly similar to the scenario structure, but the only difference is the provision of multiple inputs. In order to use scenario outlines, we do not need any smart idea, we just need to copy the same steps and re-execute the code.

Key Features of Scenario Outline
  • Parameterization: Variables are defined in angle brackets (< >) and replaced with values from the Examples table during execution.
  • Reusability: Instead of writing separate scenarios for each data set, a single scenario outline can handle all cases.
  • Clarity: The Examples table makes it easy to understand the different input combinations.
Structure of a Scenario Outline
A Scenario Outline consists of:
  • Scenario Outline: The generic scenario definition.
  • Steps: Regular Gherkin steps with placeholders (e.g., <username>, <password>).
  • Examples Table: A table listing the values for placeholders.
Example:
Feature: Login Functionality

  Scenario Outline: Verify login with.                  different  credentials
    Given The user is on the login page
    When The user enters "<username>"            and ".   <password>"
    Then The user should see the "<result>"        message

  Examples:
    | username | password | result |
    | admin | admin123 | Login Successful |
    | user | user123 | Login Successful |
    | invalidUser | invalidPass | Login Failed |

Difference between Scenario and Scenario Outline

Scenario:
  1. Definition: Represents a single concrete example of a functionality to be tested.
  2. Purpose: Used for testing a specific situation with fixed input data.
  3. Data Handling: Input data is written directly in the steps.
  4. Reusability: Not reusable for multiple data sets. Separate scenarios are needed for each set of data.
  5. Keyword: Defined using the Scenario keyword.
  6. Examples Table: Does not use an Examples table.
Example 
Scenario: Login with valid credentials
  Given the user is on the login page
  When the user enters "testuser" and "password123"
  Then the user should be redirected to the homepage

Scenario Outline:
  1. Definition: Represents a template that can run the same scenario multiple times with different sets of input data.
  2. Purpose: Used for testing the same functionality with multiple data sets.
  3. Data Handling: Input data is provided through an Examples table.
  4. Reusability: Highly reusable as it iterates through all the rows in the Examples table.
  5. Keyword: Defined using the Scenario Outline keyword.
  6. Examples Table: Uses an Examples table to provide multiple sets of data.
Example 
Scenario Outline: Login with multiple credentials
  Given the user is on the login page
  When the user enters "<username>" and ". <password>"
  Then the user should be redirected to           the  homepage

Examples:
  | username | password |
  | testuser1 | password123 |
  | testuser2 | pass456 |


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Common Exception in Selenium

By
Introduction Selenium automation testing can throw several types of exceptions due to various issues during the execution of test scripts.  Here are some of the  most common exceptions  encountered in Selenium. 1. WebDriverException  is a base class for all exceptions thrown by the WebDriver API.  2. StaleElementReferenceException  is thrown when trying to interact with an element no longer attached to the DOM (Document Object Model).  This can happen if the element has been deleted or the page has been refreshed since the element was located. "stale" is often used to refer to something that is no longer fresh or current. 3. TimeoutException  is thrown when a command times out. This can occur if the page takes too long to load or if an element is not found within the specified time period. 4. UnreachableBrowserException  is thrown when a connection to a web browser cannot be established. 5. NoSuchElementException  is thrown when it canno...
Read more»

Test Scenarios vs. Test Cases: Understanding the Basics

By
What Are Test Scenarios Test scenarios represent high-level ideas or conditions that need to be validated to ensure the application works as expected. They provide a broader perspective and are typically used during the test planning phase. Purpose: To capture the "what to test" without going into granular details. Example of a Test Scenario: Verify that a user can successfully log in to the application using valid credentials. Verify the behavior of the login page when invalid credentials are entered. Verify the application behavior when the login button is clicked without entering any credentials. What Are Test Cases Test cases are detailed documents that define the specific steps to execute a test. They cover inputs, execution steps, expected results, and actual outcomes. Purpose: To guide the tester step-by-step on "how to test." Example of a Test Case (for the first scenario): Test Case ID TC_01_Login_Valid_Credentials Test Scenario Verify user login with val...
Read more»

Handling Shadow DOM in Selenium WebDriver

By
Image
Introduction Modern web applications often use Shadow DOM to keep parts of the webpage separate from the rest of the document. This helps in creating reusable components, but it also makes it difficult for Selenium WebDriver to access elements inside the Shadow DOM. In this blog, we'll explore what Shadow DOM is, why it's used, and how to handle it in Selenium WebDriver. What is Shadow DOM The Shadow DOM is a way to create a separate, hidden section of the DOM inside a web page. It's like a mini DOM tree attached to an element, which keeps its structure and styles isolated from the rest of the page. This helps developers build reusable web components without worrying about outside styles or scripts affecting them. Challenges in Handling Shadow DOM with Selenium WebDriver Selenium WebDriver typically interacts with the visible DOM. However, elements inside a Shadow DOM are not directly accessible through standard methods like driver.findElement() . This leads to exceptions ...
Read more»

Handling HTTPS Websites and SSL Certificate Errors in Selenium

By
Why SSL Certificate Errors Occur   SSL certificates ensure secure communication between the server and browser. If there's an issue, like an untrusted or expired certificate, the browser shows a warning. In automation, these warnings can interrupt tests, causing them to fail unless managed properly.In this post, we'll explain how to handle SSL certificate errors in Selenium for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge to ensure your tests run smoothly. setAcceptInsecureCerts(true) option allows the browser to ignore SSL certificate errors, enabling Selenium tests to run smoothly on sites with untrusted or invalid certificates. Handling SSL Certificate Errors in Chrome You can configure Chrome to accept insecure certificates by passing the option in ChromeOptions. ChromeOptions.setAcceptInsecureCerts(true)  allows Chrome to skip SSL warnings and continue testing on sites with untrusted certificates.its similar to the Firefox and Edge Browser also. import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import...
Read more»

Normalize-space Function In Xpath

By
Introduction   When working with XPath, handling whitespace in text nodes can sometimes be a challenge. The normalize-space() function is a powerful tool to simplify text processing by removing unnecessary spaces and ensuring consistent string formatting. In this blog, we’ll explore what normalize-space() does, its syntax, and practical use cases in automation. What is the normalize-space() Function: The normalize-space() function in XPath trims leading and trailing whitespaces and reduces multiple spaces between words to a single space. It is useful for matching text nodes with inconsistent whitespace formatting. Syntax: normalize-space(string) string: The input text to be normalized. If omitted, it defaults to the current node’s text. Key Features: Removes leading and trailing spaces. Converts multiple spaces between words into a single space. Works seamlessly with text nodes and string attributes. Example :  <div id="example">   Hello World. </d...
Read more»