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How to Manage Test Execution Across Different Browsers and Environments (QA, UAT, Staging)

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In real-time automation projects, test execution is never limited to a single browser or a single environment . Applications must be validated across multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge) and multiple environments such as QA, UAT, and Staging before going live. A well-designed Selenium + Java + Cucumber automation framework should allow testers to switch browsers and environments easily without changing test scripts . This blog explains how to manage test execution efficiently across different browsers and environments using best practices followed in real projects. Why Multi-Browser and Multi-Environment Testing Is Important Different users use different browsers QA, UAT, and Staging environments have different configurations Bugs may appear only in specific environments or browsers Same test cases must be validated everywhere before production release Common Challenges Testers Face Hardcoded browser names and URLs Maintaining separate test scripts for each environment Browse...
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How Would You Automate A Web Application That Uses A CAPTCHA To Prevent Automated Access

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Introduction 
CAPTCHA is a popular security mechanism requiring users to prove they are humans. 

Use a CAPTCHA-solving service: Many third-party services offer CAPTCHA-solving solutions. These services use machine learning algorithms and human workers to solve CAPTCHAs. You can integrate these services into your automation script and use them to automatically solve the CAPTCHA.
Train a machine learning model: You can use machine learning to train a model to recognize and solve CAPTCHAs. This requires a large dataset of CAPTCHA images and corresponding solutions and expertise in machine learning algorithms. However, once the model is trained, it can be used to automatically solve CAPTCHAs.

Use OCR technology: Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology can be used to automatically read and recognize the characters in a CAPTCHA image. This requires a high-quality image and accurate OCR software, but it can be a viable solution for some CAPTCHA types.

Use human input: In some cases, it may be more efficient to use human input to solve CAPTCHAs. You can hire human workers or use crowdsourcing platforms to solve CAPTCHAs as part of your automation process.

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Ensuring Thread Safety in Parallel Test Execution with Selenium, Cucumber, and Java

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🔒 What Is Thread Safety in Selenium Automation? When multiple threads (tests or scenarios) run simultaneously, they must not interfere with each other’s data or browser sessions. ⚠️ Example: Common Problem Without Thread Safety If your WebDriver is declared as: public static WebDriver driver; and you run tests in parallel, all tests share the same driver object — leading to several issues such as: 1️⃣ Browser windows closing unexpectedly 2️⃣ Wrong data being accessed by other tests 3️⃣ Screenshots captured from the wrong browser 4️⃣ Flaky or inconsistent test results 5️⃣ One test closing the browser while another is still running 6️⃣ Tests opening URLs in the same browser window 7️⃣ Random “Session not found” errors ➡️ Without thread safety, your parallel runs become unstable and unreliable. 💡 How To Achieve Thread Safety We can achieve thread safety using the ThreadLocal class in our automation framework. 🧰 What Is ThreadLocal? ThreadLocal provides each thread with its own copy of ...
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